EU expands sanctions framework to target Iran over Strait of Hormuz

The sanctions regime was first introduced in July 2023 in response to Iran’s military support for Russia’s war in Ukraine.

The European Union has expanded its sanctions framework against Iran to cover individuals and entities involved in actions that threaten freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz.

The Council of the European Union announced the decision on Friday, confirming that the amended framework allows restrictive measures against those linked to Iranian activities “impeding lawful transit passage and freedom of navigation.” The move follows a political agreement reached by EU foreign ministers during the Foreign Affairs Council meeting on April 21.

Officials said Iran’s actions against vessels transiting the Strait of Hormuz violated international law and undermined established rights of transit and innocent passage through international straits. The expanded framework enables the EU to impose travel bans and asset freezes on listed individuals and entities. Those sanctioned will be barred from entering or transiting EU territories, while European citizens and companies will be prohibited from providing funds or economic resources to them.

The sanctions regime was first introduced in July 2023 in response to Iran’s military support for Russia’s war in Ukraine. It was broadened in May 2024 to address Tehran’s backing of armed groups in the Middle East and Red Sea region, as well as drone and missile attacks against Israel in April 2024. The latest expansion reflects growing concern over maritime security in the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most critical oil shipping routes.

The European Council, in conclusions adopted on March 19, called for full implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 2817 and emphasized the need to safeguard maritime security and freedom of navigation. The council also condemned “any acts that threaten navigation or prevent vessels from entering and exiting the Strait of Hormuz.”

European officials said the updated framework strengthens the bloc’s ability to respond to threats in the region. By targeting individuals and entities responsible for obstructing navigation, the EU aims to reinforce international law and protect vital shipping lanes. The decision underscores the bloc’s commitment to ensuring stability in the Middle East and maintaining secure maritime routes essential for global energy supplies.